External Challenges
A. North American and European Challenges
1. Loss of Christian consensus in West replaced by Naturalistic worldview
2. Dominance of Pluralism and intolerance of religious “preference”
3. “Hidden revival” in immigrant church; church decline in general
4. Mainline church decline
5. Evangelicals now mainline (minority majority)
(Salvation theology Kingdom theology)
(Orthodoxy [Word] Orthopraxy [deed])
(Doctrinal consensusRelational consensus)
No Protestant faith group rivals Evangelicals in both membership and political influence. Evangelicals have moved from a mid-Twentieth Century minority to an early 21st-Century majority. With majority status has come a shift in emphasis from hope not-of-this-world (Salvation theology) to this-world hope (Kingdom theology). Reacting to self-oriented pietism and consumerism of previous generations, movements as diverse as Focus on the Family and the New Perspective on Paul have argued the Gospel requires Christians to engage in some form of cultural transformation. Orthodoxy (the right proclamation of the Word) has been deemed impossible without orthopraxy (the the right practice of the Word). With the diminished emphasis on the Word, Evangelicalism has become a much broader tent theologically, embracing those who both in doctrine and lifestyle choices differ widely from previous generations. Evangelical leaders and laypersons are paying less and less attention to denominational lines and distinctives, but while trying to survive in an increasingly secular culture that views the church as either irrelevant or polarizing.
6. Evangelicals strongly divided over Formal (let’s be church) vs. Informal (let’s be real) worship practices (differences are not strictly generational)
7. Evangelical generational divides (Builders vs. Boomers vs. Gen-X; e.g. zeal for programmatic evangelism vs. relational evangelism; antipathy to vs. acceptance of pop culture; differing socio-political agendas – see below) Builders/Boomers = Constraint Theology (STOP abortion, homosexuality, pornography, immigration, minimum wage, etc.) Busters/X-ers/ Millennials = Compassion Theology (HELP poor, discriminated, AIDS victims, refugees, environment, etc.)
8. Dominant influence of parachurch for diaconal and mission work
9. Rise of
10. Youth exodus of
11. Rising generation financial stress, and sense of having been denied earlier generations’ privileges
12. Postmodern philosophies and mindset (subjective truth; narrative vs. didactic learning)
13. Orality and visual literacy of Western youth culture and Developing World
14. Pervasive Biblical/doctrinal Illiteracy (all generations)
15. Birth control/abortion normalized
16. Traditional family decline (divorce, delayed adolescence, delayed marriages, starter marriages, pervasive pornography, working parents, absent fathers, abuse)
17. Gender Roles re-definition and confusion (more than Feminism per se)
18. Transition from Anglo-majority culture in
19. Transition to No-growth Economies in
Summary: There are may challenges facing the church. Some are external, some are internal. These are some of the external challenges particularly facing the church in
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